Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King has been officially upgraded to Grade I listed status by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, following a recommendation from Historic England. This prestigious recognition places it among the nation’s most architecturally and historically important buildings.
Previously listed at Grade II*, the cathedral now joins the highest tier of heritage protection, reflecting its status as the most significant Roman Catholic architectural commission in post-war Britain. Built between 1962 and 1967, it was constructed over a crypt designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, a remnant of an earlier, unfinished plan for a grand classical-style cathedral, halted by financial pressures and World War II.
A Modernist Breakthrough in Church Architecture
The cathedral’s new status acknowledges the bold vision of architect Sir Frederick Gibberd, whose pioneering design set a global benchmark for progressive Roman Catholic architecture in the mid-20th century. Gibberd’s circular layout was a radical departure from traditional cathedral plans, placing the altar at the centre to encourage a more inclusive and immersive worship experience.
At its heart is the striking lantern tower, or ‘corona’, created by artists John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens. The glass installation, cemented with epoxy resin into fine concrete ribs, was an innovative technique developed specifically for this project.
Art and architecture converge throughout the cathedral, with key works by celebrated artists: William Mitchell’s sculpted entrance doors and bell tower carvings, Elisabeth Frink’s dramatic crucifix, David Atkins’ geometric floor design, Ceri Richards’ artwork in the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, and Margaret Traherne’s vivid stained glass windows in several chapels.
This blend of cutting-edge design and artistic excellence embodied the spirit of the Second Vatican Council (1962–65), which called for greater participation of congregations in Catholic worship and a modernised approach to sacred space.
Hopwood Hall Chapel Also Receives Listing Enhancement
As part of the same review, Historic England has also upgraded the listing for Hopwood Hall Chapel in Middleton, Greater Manchester. Built in 1964–65 to a design by Gibberd and executed by Reynolds and Scott, this chapel shares key features with its Liverpool counterpart, including a centralised sanctuary and a lantern tower of coloured glass and concrete.
Legacy of Sir Frederick Gibberd
Sir Frederick Gibberd (1908–1984), knighted in the year the Liverpool cathedral was completed, remains a towering figure in British Modernism. His work shaped the post-war urban landscape, from Harlow New Town and Heathrow’s original terminal buildings to civic landmarks and power stations across the UK.
Sarah Charlesworth, Historic England’s Listing Team Leader North, said:
“Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral transformed British cathedral design with its revolutionary centralised plan, representing a radical departure from traditional designs. Sir Frederick Gibberd’s masterpiece, built upon Lutyens’ earlier crypt, showcases extraordinary artistic collaboration and stands as one of Britain’s most significant post-war architectural achievements.”
Archbishop John Sherrington, Archbishop of Liverpool, said:
“I welcome the announcement that Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King has been recognised as a Grade I listed building. It commands the Liverpool skyline and is visible for miles around. The building has been described as ‘the soul of the city’ and brings hope to thousands who visit each year. The colours of the stained glass and revolutionary architectural style help raise their minds and hearts beyond this world to the transcendent and to God.
It is very significant that the cathedral has been recognised during the Jubilee Year which has the theme ‘pilgrims of hope’. I hope the upgraded listed status allows us to welcome even more pilgrims to our striking Mother Church.
I thank all who have contributed to the upkeep and repair of the building for over 60 years and pray that we may care nationally for this building of the highest architectural and historical interest.”
Heritage Minister Baroness Twycross said:
“Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral’s Grade I status honours Sir Frederick Gibberd’s architectural brilliance and recognises his visionary design, which created a landmark that continues to inspire people. Liverpool’s iconic Cathedral is a truly remarkable and much-loved building which deserves to be protected so it can be enjoyed for generations to come.”
Kim Johnson MP for Liverpool Riverside said:
“I’m absolutely delighted that the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King has been awarded Grade I listed status. As a world-renowned and instantly recognisable symbol of Liverpool, it is deeply embedded in our city’s identity. This recognition rightly honours its architectural significance and the prominent place it holds in our skyline – a true jewel in Liverpool’s crown.”
Mayor of the Liverpool City Region, Steve Rotheram, said:
“Liverpool is a city with a proud architectural and cultural heritage, and the Metropolitan Cathedral is one of its most iconic landmarks. The bold, modern design broke new ground and has become a beacon of faith, hope and innovation, not just for our region but across the world.
“This Grade I listing rightly recognises its architectural brilliance and enduring importance to the Liverpool City Region’s identity. It’s a welcome and well-deserved honour.
Leader of Liverpool City Council, Councillor Liam Robinson, said:
“The elevation of the Metropolitan Cathedral to Grade I listed status is a proud moment for Liverpool. This recognition not only honours a masterpiece of modern architecture but also celebrates the spirit of innovation and resilience that epitomises our city. The cathedral stands as a beacon of creativity, community, hope and faith and is a powerful symbol of Liverpool’s cultural and architectural legacy.”
Catherine Croft, Director of the Twentieth Century Society, said:
“The ‘Wigwam’ or ‘The Mersey Funnel’, as it’s affectionately known among locals, is unique in world architecture and has long been a powerful homecoming beacon for Liverpudlians.
Liverpool now rightly has two magnificent Grade I listed cathedrals which together demonstrate just how varied, exciting, and emotionally uplifting twentieth century architecture can be.
A great vessel of post-war glass, sculpture and design, the listing upgrade will help ensure the modernist cathedral’s careful long-term conservation and appreciation by all who visit – to worship or just to marvel.”
The Missing Pieces Project. Add your information about Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral and Hopwood Hall Chapel:
You can add your story about Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral and Hopwood Hall Chapel to the Missing Pieces Project. It could be a photo or something you know about the listed building. You can add photos, drawings, audio, film, or text.
Everything you add is an important piece of the picture. And the more pieces of the picture we have, the better we can celebrate and protect what makes these places special.
Through the Missing Pieces Project, Historic England invites everyone to discover the listed places on their doorstep and contribute their own unique piece to the picture by adding photos, videos, stories and memories on the National Heritage List for England.
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